Animal remains at Thăng Long Imperial Citadel: A multi-faceted portrait of capital city life

Abstract

Zooarchaeology is an established interdisciplinary scientific field that serves as a nexus between zoology and archaeology. Its core focus is the systematic analysis of faunal assemblages - the animal remains recovered from archaeological contexts. This discipline is paramount in reconstructing multifaceted dimensions of past human existence, encompassing paleoenvironment, climate conditions, subsistence strategies, and the complex dynamics of the human-animal relationship. Specifically, zooarchaeological analysis yields direct empirical evidence pertaining to ancient dietary patterns, methods of procurement (including hunting, gathering, fishing, and animal husbandry), and the significance of fauna within cultural, social, and ritualistic practices. The application of zooarchaeology at the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel - a site of profound historical significance - offers substantial potential for illuminating the ancient ecological setting, the mechanisms of food supply for the metropolitan population, the scope of animal-based economic activities, and the expression of cultural and religious symbolism inherent to the successive feudal dynasties. This paper undertakes a detailed analysis of the interpretive capacity (values reflected), established research protocols (methodologies), inherent analytical challenges, and the prospective trajectories (future directions) of zooarchaeology. Leveraging this comprehensive review, the study concludes by presenting specific, actionable recommendations for both ongoing and future zooarchaeological investigations within the Thăng Long Imperial Citadel.