Research on the stacking technique using ring supports with spurs in the Trần dynasties through glazed ceramic wasters from the Vườn Hồng site

Abstract

The stacked firing technique using ring supports with spurs is one of the most common methods for firing glazed ceramics during the Trần dynasties, leaving clear traces on numerous archaeological artifacts. Based on data from the excavation at the Vườn Hồng site (36 Điện Biên Phủ, Hanoi), this paper focuses on analyzing the product types utilizing this technique. The research contributes supplementary documentation for identifying and dating glazed ceramics from the 13th to 15th centuries. Based on the position of the ring supports, the paper provides a detailed analysis of two typical types: Type 1 (support placed inside the base) and Type 2 (support placed under the base). The analytical criteria include glazes, bottom forming techniques, product types, decorations, and dimensions. The results indicate that Type 1 was more prevalent in the late Lý - early Trần period, characterized by a flat base-rim and a dominant celadon. Type 2 exhibits greater diversity in the bottom forming techniques, decorative motifs, and dates to a later period, becoming popular during the Trần dynasty. The study not only clarifies the technical characteristics of each product type but also demonstrates the close correlation between the stacked firing technique, the bottom forming techniques, and decorative motifs, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the developmental progression and technical changes in glazed ceramic production during the Trần dynasties.